{"id":6411,"date":"2021-05-05T22:28:28","date_gmt":"2021-05-05T21:28:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/?p=6411"},"modified":"2021-11-17T00:09:11","modified_gmt":"2021-11-16T23:09:11","slug":"histoire-du-delit-de-blaspheme-au-royaume-uni-lintegration-dans-la-common-law-au-17eme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/?p=6411","title":{"rendered":"Histoire du d\u00e9lit de blasph\u00e8me au Royaume Uni (I) : l&rsquo;int\u00e9gration dans la Common Law au 17\u00e8me si\u00e8cle"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pdfprnt-buttons pdfprnt-buttons-post pdfprnt-top-right\"><a href=\"http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F6411&print=pdf\" class=\"pdfprnt-button pdfprnt-button-pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/pdf-print\/images\/pdf.png\" alt=\"image_pdf\" title=\"View PDF\" \/><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F6411&print=print\" class=\"pdfprnt-button pdfprnt-button-print\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/pdf-print\/images\/print.png\" alt=\"image_print\" title=\"Print Content\" \/><\/a><\/div><p align=\"justify\">\u00adLe 11 mars 2021, le parlement \u00e9cossais a aboli le d\u00e9lit de blasph\u00e8me <a id=\"anote1\" href=\"#note1\">[1]<\/a>. L&rsquo;Ecosse suit ainsi l&rsquo;Angleterre et le Pays de Galle qui ont d\u00e9p\u00e9nalis\u00e9 l&rsquo;infraction en 2008 <a id=\"anote2\" href=\"#note2\">[2]<\/a>. A ce jour, l&rsquo;Irlande du Nord demeure la seule nation du Royaume Uni \u00e0 ne pas avoir abrog\u00e9 la loi sur le blasph\u00e8me <a id=\"anote3\" href=\"#note3\">[3]<\/a>. L&rsquo;organisation des <em>Humanists d&rsquo;Irlande du Nord<\/em> milite actuellement pour sa suppression <a id=\"anote4\" href=\"#note4\">[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">De fait, le d\u00e9lit de blasph\u00e8me a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 abandonn\u00e9 depuis des ann\u00e9es au Royaume Uni. La derni\u00e8re condamnation remonte \u00e0 1977 <a id=\"anote5\" href=\"#note5\">[5]<\/a>. Cependant, sans abrogation, il demeurait une infraction punissable. Le Royaume Uni met ainsi progressivement un terme \u00e0 un d\u00e9lit entr\u00e9 dans le droit commun il y a plus de trois si\u00e8cles.<\/p>\n<h3>L&rsquo;int\u00e9gration du d\u00e9lit de blasph\u00e8me dans la Common Law \u00e0 compter du 17\u00e8me si\u00e8cle<\/h3>\n<p align=\"justify\">A compter du 17\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, les juridictions s\u00e9culi\u00e8res s&#8217;emparent de la r\u00e9pression du blasph\u00e8me jusqu&rsquo;ici d\u00e9volue aux tribunaux eccl\u00e9siastiques <a id=\"anote6\" href=\"#note6\">[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_6482\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6482\" style=\"width: 254px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Sir_Charles_Sedley.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-6482\" src=\"http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Sir_Charles_Sedley-213x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"254\" height=\"358\" srcset=\"http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Sir_Charles_Sedley-213x300.jpg 213w, http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Sir_Charles_Sedley.jpg 446w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 254px) 100vw, 254px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-6482\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gravure de Charles Sedley, par Michael Vandergucht, 1722, National Portrait Gallery<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p align=\"justify\">En 1663, dans l&rsquo;affaire <em>Sedley<\/em>, la Cour du Banc du Roi (<em>Court of King&rsquo;s Bench<\/em>) reconna\u00eet la comp\u00e9tence du droit de la Common Law pour juger l&rsquo;obsc\u00e9nit\u00e9 ou l&rsquo;ind\u00e9cence en lieu et place du tribunal eccl\u00e9siastique <a id=\"anote7\" href=\"#note7\">[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">L&rsquo;affaire concerne un jeune lord anglais, Sir Charles Sedley, qui s&rsquo;est donn\u00e9 en spectacle avec deux amis en s&rsquo;exhibant nu au balcon d&rsquo;une taverne de Covent Garden. Passablement ivre, il a tourn\u00e9 les Ecritures en d\u00e9rision devant une foule agglutin\u00e9e en mimant des positions sexuelles ainsi que le sermon d&rsquo;une messe. Il a fini en trempant son sexe dans un verre de vin qu&rsquo;il a bu en parodiant l&rsquo;Eucharistie. Lors du proc\u00e8s, Sedley est condamn\u00e9 <span lang=\"fr\">\u00e0 une amende et emprisonn\u00e9 bri\u00e8vement pour obsc\u00e9nit\u00e9 et blasph\u00e8me <a id=\"anote8\" href=\"#note8\">[8]<\/a>. Le juge indique clairement que son comportement rel\u00e8ve du blasph\u00e8me et constitue une infraction \u00e0 la morale publique <a id=\"anote9\" href=\"#note9\">[9]<\/a><a id=\"anote8\" href=\"#note8\"><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Suite \u00e0 ce pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, les juges de Common Law commencent \u00e0 intervenir en mati\u00e8re de blasph\u00e8me <span lang=\"fr\"><a id=\"anote10\" href=\"#note10\">[10]<\/a><\/span><a id=\"anote9\" href=\"#note9\"><\/a>. Cependant, c&rsquo;est en 1676 que le pr\u00e9sident de la King&rsquo;s Bench, le juge Matthew Hale, justifie dans l&rsquo;affaire <i>Rex v. Taylor <\/i>l&rsquo;intervention des juridictions de Common Law dans les affaires de blasph\u00e8me <span lang=\"fr\"><a id=\"anote11\" href=\"#note11\">[11]<\/a><\/span>. Un petit propri\u00e9taire John Taylor, sans doute membre de la secte des \u00ab<em>Sweet Singers of Israel\u00bb<\/em>, est accus\u00e9 d&rsquo;avoir trait\u00e9 le Christ de \u00ab<em>prox\u00e9n\u00e8te\u00bb<\/em>, \u00ab<em>b\u00e2tard\u00bb<\/em> et la religion chr\u00e9tienne d&rsquo;\u00ab<em>escroquerie\u00bb<\/em>\u00a0<span lang=\"fr\"><a id=\"anote12\" href=\"#note12\">[12]<\/a><\/span>. Il est condamn\u00e9 pour ses propos jug\u00e9s blasph\u00e9matoires \u00e0 une amende, le pilori et un emprisonnement (jusqu&rsquo;au paiement de l&rsquo;amende) <span lang=\"fr\"><a id=\"anote13\" href=\"#note13\">[13]<\/a><\/span>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_6433\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6433\" style=\"width: 257px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Judge_Matthew_Hale.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-6433 \" src=\"http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Judge_Matthew_Hale-215x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"257\" height=\"359\" srcset=\"http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Judge_Matthew_Hale-215x300.jpg 215w, http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Judge_Matthew_Hale.jpg 280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 257px) 100vw, 257px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-6433\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gravure du juge Matthew Hale, par Frederick Hendrik van Hove, 1677, National Portrait Gallery<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p align=\"justify\">Le juge Hale retient dans sa d\u00e9cision que le blasph\u00e8me n&rsquo;est pas seulement une offense faite \u00e0 Dieu et \u00e0 la religion mais est \u00e9galement un crime contre les lois, l&rsquo;Etat et le Gouvernement et donc punissables par la plus haute juridiction civile du Royaume <span lang=\"fr\"><a id=\"anote14\" href=\"#note14\">[14]<\/a><\/span> ; que qualifier la religion d&rsquo;escroquerie revient \u00e0 remettre en cause les obligations qui pr\u00e9servent la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile <span lang=\"fr\"><a id=\"anote15\" href=\"#note15\">[15]<\/a><\/span>. Selon une formule devenue c\u00e9l\u00e8bre, il d\u00e9clare \u00ab<em>le christianisme comme faisant partie int\u00e9grante des lois de l&rsquo;Angleterre<\/em><span lang=\"fr\"><a id=\"anote16\" href=\"#note16\">\u00bb [16]<\/a><\/span>. Par cons\u00e9quent, critiquer la religion chr\u00e9tienne c&rsquo;est faire \u0153uvre de subversion envers la loi <span lang=\"fr\"><a id=\"anote17\" href=\"#note17\">[17]<\/a><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Le blasph\u00e8me est alors surtout per\u00e7u comme un risque de menace \u00e0 l&rsquo;autorit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;Etat. Sont directement vis\u00e9s les groupes religieux dissidents de l&rsquo;Eglise anglicane tels que les Quakers ou Dissenters <span lang=\"fr\"><a id=\"anote18\" href=\"#note18\">[18]<\/a><\/span>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_6478\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6478\" style=\"width: 268px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/James_Steuart_of_Goodtrees.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-6478\" src=\"http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/James_Steuart_of_Goodtrees-219x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"268\" height=\"367\" srcset=\"http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/James_Steuart_of_Goodtrees-219x300.jpg 219w, http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/James_Steuart_of_Goodtrees.jpg 243w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 268px) 100vw, 268px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-6478\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Portrait de James Stewart of Goodtrees, par John Baptiste de Medina vers 1712, National Galleries of Scotland<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p align=\"justify\">En 1698, une l\u00e9gislation contre le blasph\u00e8me est adopt\u00e9e en Angleterre qui ne sera gu\u00e8re appliqu\u00e9e <span lang=\"fr\"><a id=\"anote19\" href=\"#note19\">[19]<\/a><\/span>. Ce sont en effet les juges de Common Law, durablement influenc\u00e9s par l&rsquo;interpr\u00e9tation du juge Hale, qui vont d\u00e9terminer les contours du d\u00e9lit de blasph\u00e8me jusqu&rsquo;au 19\u00e8me si\u00e8cle en Angleterre et au Pays de Galles <span lang=\"fr\"><a id=\"anote20\" href=\"#note20\">[20]<\/a><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Le d\u00e9lit de blasph\u00e8me en Ecosse est r\u00e9gi quant \u00e0 lui par une loi adopt\u00e9e par le Parlement d&rsquo;Ecosse en 1661 (<em>Act against Blasphemy 1661<\/em>) et r\u00e9prim\u00e9 de la peine de mort <span lang=\"fr\"><a id=\"anote21\" href=\"#note21\">[21]<\/a><\/span>. Une loi compl\u00e9mentaire pr\u00e9voit en 1695 des sanctions gradu\u00e9es allant de l&#8217;emprisonnement \u00e0 l&#8217;emprisonnement assorti d&rsquo;une amende, puis \u00e0 la peine de mort <span lang=\"fr\"><a id=\"anote22\" href=\"#note22\">[22]<\/a><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Thomas Aikenhead, un \u00e9tudiant en m\u00e9decine \u00e9cossais de l&rsquo;universit\u00e9 d&rsquo;Edimbourg, est le dernier condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 mort pour blasph\u00e8me au Royaume-Uni en 1697 <span lang=\"fr\"><a id=\"anote23\" href=\"#note23\">[23]<\/a><\/span>. Il lui \u00e9tait reproch\u00e9 d&rsquo;avoir tenu des propos remettant en cause la Trinit\u00e9 divine. Lors de son proc\u00e8s, l&rsquo;accusation est port\u00e9e par Sir James Stewart <span lang=\"fr\"><a id=\"anote24\" href=\"#note24\">[24]<\/a><\/span>. Alors que la sanction pr\u00e9vue est l&#8217;emprisonnement en cas de premi\u00e8re infraction, il r\u00e9clame la mort du jeune homme par pendaison pour en faire un exemple <span lang=\"fr\"><a id=\"anote25\" href=\"#note25\">[25]<\/a><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\" align=\"justify\">\u00e0 suivre&#8230;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p align=\"justify\">1. <a id=\"note1\" href=\"#anote1\">[\u2191]<\/a> \u00a0Voir le communiqu\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.scot\/news\/hate-crime-bill-passed\/\">Hate Crime Bill passed<\/a><\/em>\u00a0\u00bb sur le site du gouvernement \u00e9cossais <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.scot\">https:\/\/www.gov.scot<\/a>\u00a0; l&rsquo;article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.politics.co.uk\/opinion-former\/2021\/03\/12\/scotland-to-repeal-its-blasphemy-law-as-bill-passes-final-hurdle\/\"><em>Scotland to repeal its blasphemy law as Bill passes final hurdle<\/em><\/a>, par <a href=\"https:\/\/www.politics.co.uk\/author\/humanistsuk\/\">Humanists UK<\/a>, sur le site <a href=\"https:\/\/www.politics.co.uk\">https:\/\/www.politics.co.uk<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">2. <a id=\"note2\" href=\"#anote2\">[\u2191]<\/a> Voir l&rsquo;article 79 <em>Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 (\u00ab\u00a0The offences of blasphemy and blasphemous libel under the common law of England and Wales are abolished\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>), l&rsquo;article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/315354443_The_end_of_blasphemy_law\"><em>The end of blasphemy law<\/em><\/a>, de Paul Kearns, Amicus Curiae, num\u00e9ro 76, hiver 2008 ; voir l&rsquo;article <a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080607204857\/http:\/\/humaniststudies.org\/enews\/?id=348&amp;article=0\"><em>Goodbye to Blasphemy in Britain<\/em><\/a>, de Ruth N. Geller, 14 Mai 2008, <i><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080607204857\/http:\/\/www.humanistnetworknews.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HumanistNetworkNews.org<\/a>.<\/i><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">3. <a id=\"note3\" href=\"#anote3\">[\u2191]<\/a>\u00a0Voir l&rsquo;article <a href=\"https:\/\/humanism.org.uk\/2021\/03\/23\/ministers-back-northern-ireland-humanists-campaign-to-repeal-blasphemy-laws\/\"><em>Ministers back Northern Ireland Humanists\u2019 campaign to repeal blasphemy laws<\/em><\/a>, sur le site <a href=\"https:\/\/humanism.org.uk\">https:\/\/humanism.org.uk<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">4. <a id=\"note4\" href=\"#anote4\">[\u2191]<\/a>\u00a0Voir l&rsquo;article <a href=\"https:\/\/humanism.org.uk\/2021\/03\/23\/ministers-back-northern-ireland-humanists-campaign-to-repeal-blasphemy-laws\/\"><em>Ministers back Northern Ireland Humanists\u2019 campaign to repeal blasphemy laws<\/em><\/a>, sur le site <a href=\"https:\/\/humanism.org.uk\">https:\/\/humanism.org.uk<\/a> ; l&rsquo;article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.politics.co.uk\/opinion-former\/2021\/03\/12\/scotland-to-repeal-its-blasphemy-law-as-bill-passes-final-hurdle\/\"><em>Scotland to repeal its blasphemy law as Bill passes final hurdle<\/em><\/a>, par <a href=\"https:\/\/www.politics.co.uk\/author\/humanistsuk\/\">Humanists UK<\/a>, sur le site <a href=\"https:\/\/www.politics.co.uk\">https:\/\/www.politics.co.uk<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">5. <a id=\"note5\" href=\"#anote5\">[\u2191]<\/a> Voir l&rsquo;article <span class=\"field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.historytoday.com\/miscellanies\/blasphemy-trial\"><em>Blasphemy on Trial<\/em><\/a>, de David Nash,\u00a0 15 Nov 2017<\/span> dans <a href=\"https:\/\/www.historytoday.com\">https:\/\/www.historytoday.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">6. <a id=\"note6\" href=\"#anote6\">[\u2191]<\/a> Voir l&rsquo;article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/227915533_The_Strange_Death_of_Blasphemy\"><em>The Strange Death of Blasphemy<\/em><\/a>, de Russell Sandberg et Norman Doe, 2008, volume 71, num\u00e9ro 6, <em>Modern Law Review<\/em> 971-986 ;<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">7. <a id=\"note7\" href=\"#anote7\">[\u2191]<\/a> Voir l&rsquo;ouvrage Blasphemy in the Christian World, A History, de David Nash, page 110.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">8. <a id=\"note8\" href=\"#anote8\">[\u2191]<\/a> Voir citation de <em>The Diary of Samuel Pepys, <\/em>Ed. Robert Latham and William Matthews (Berkeley, 1971), 4:209 dans\u00a0<em>The Invention of Criminal Blasphemy:\u00a0Rex v. Taylor (1676)<\/em>, d&rsquo;Elliott Visconsi, <em>Representations, <\/em>Volume 103, num\u00e9ro 1, \u00e9t\u00e9 2008, page 41 : \u00ab\u00a0<em>in open day into the Balcone and showed his nakedness\u2014acting all the postures of lust and buggery that could be imagined, and abusing of scripture and, as it were, from thence preaching a Mountebanke sermon from that pulpitt, saying that there he hath 1o sell such a pouder as should make all the cunts in town run after him\u2014 <\/em><em>a thousand people standing underneath to see and hear him. And that being done, he took a glass of wine and washed his prick in it and then drank it off; and then wok another and drank the King\u2019s health<\/em>.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">9. <a id=\"note9\" href=\"#anote9\">[\u2191]<\/a> Voir l&rsquo;ouvrage <em>Blasphemy in the Christian World, A History<\/em>, de David Nash, 2007, page 110 ; l&rsquo;ouvrage <em>Blasphemy in Modern Britain: 1789 to the Present<\/em>, d<span class=\"addmd\">e David S. Nash, 1999, Chapter 1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">10. <a id=\"note10\" href=\"#anote10\">[\u2191]<\/a> Voir l&rsquo;ouvrage <em>Blasphemy in Modern Britain: 1789 to the Present<\/em>, d<span class=\"addmd\">e David S. Nash, 1999, Chapter 1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">11. <a id=\"note11\" href=\"#anote11\">[\u2191]<\/a> Idem <em>Blasphemy in the Christian World, A History<\/em>, de David Nash, 2007, pages 160-161 ; l&rsquo;ouvrage <em>Blasphemy in Modern Britain: 1789 to the Present<\/em>, d<span class=\"addmd\">e David S. Nash, 1999, Chapter 1 ; l&rsquo;article <\/span><em>The Invention of Criminal Blasphemy:\u00a0Rex v. Taylor (1676)<\/em>, d&rsquo;Elliott Visconsi, <em>Representations, <\/em>Volume 103, num\u00e9ro 1, \u00e9t\u00e9 2008, pages 30-52.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">12. <a id=\"note12\" href=\"#anote12\">[\u2191]<\/a> Voir <span class=\"addmd\">l&rsquo;article <\/span><em>The Invention of Criminal Blasphemy:\u00a0Rex v. Taylor (1676)<\/em>, d&rsquo;Elliott Visconsi, <em>Representations, <\/em>Volume 103, num\u00e9ro 1, \u00e9t\u00e9 2008, page 30 :\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0<em>Christ is a whore-master, and religion is a cheat, and profession is a cloak, and they are both cheats, and all the earthis m\u00eene, and I am a king&rsquo;s son, my father sent me hither, and made me \u00e0 fisherman to take vipers and ! neither fear God, devil, nor man, and | am a younger brother to Christ, an angel of God and no man fears God but an hypocrite, Christ is a bastard, God damn and confound all your Gods, Christ is the whore&rsquo;s master<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">13. <a id=\"note13\" href=\"#anote13\">[\u2191]<\/a> Idem, Elliott Visconsi, <em>Representations, <\/em>Volume 103, num\u00e9ro 1, \u00e9t\u00e9 2008, page 32.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">14. <a id=\"note14\" href=\"#anote14\">[\u2191]<\/a> Voir le <a href=\"https:\/\/quod.lib.umich.edu\/e\/eebo2\/A64839.0001.001\/1:36.7?rgn=div2;view=fulltext\">compte-rendu<\/a> de Sir Peyton Ventris dans <em>English Reports<\/em>, volume 86, King&rsquo;s Bench 13, 1908 et sur le site <em>Early English Books<\/em> (<a href=\"https:\/\/quod.lib.umich.edu\/e\/eebogroup\/)\">https:\/\/quod.lib.umich.edu\/e\/eebogroup\/)<\/a> : \u00ab\u00a0<em>And <span class=\"rend-italic\">Hale<\/span> said, That such kind of wicked Blasphemous words were not only an Offence to <span class=\"rend-italic\">God<\/span> and <span class=\"rend-italic\">Religion;<\/span> but a Crime against the <span class=\"rend-italic\">Laws, State<\/span> and <span class=\"rend-italic\">Government,<\/span> and therefore punishable able in this <span class=\"rend-italic\">Court.<\/span> For to say, <span class=\"rend-italic\">Religion is a Cheat,<\/span> is to dissolve all those Obligations whereby <span class=\"rend-italic\">Civil Societies<\/span> are preserved, and that <span class=\"rend-italic\">Christianity<\/span> is parcel of the <span class=\"rend-italic\">Laws<\/span> of <span class=\"rend-italic\">England;<\/span> and therefore to reproach the <span class=\"rend-italic\">Christian Religion,<\/span> is to speak in Subversion of the <\/em><span class=\"rend-italic\"><em>Law<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb ; idem <em>Blasphemy in the Christian World, A History<\/em>, de David Nash, 2007, page 160 ; Idem, Elliott Visconsi, <em>Representations, <\/em>Volume 103, num\u00e9ro 1, \u00e9t\u00e9 2008, page 31.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">15. <a id=\"note15\" href=\"#anote15\">[\u2191]<\/a> Idem <a href=\"https:\/\/quod.lib.umich.edu\/e\/eebo2\/A64839.0001.001\/1:36.7?rgn=div2;view=fulltext\">compte-rendu<\/a> de Sir Peyton Ventris dans <em>English Reports<\/em>, volume 86, King&rsquo;s Bench 13, 1908 et sur le site <em>Early English Books<\/em> (<a href=\"https:\/\/quod.lib.umich.edu\/e\/eebogroup\/)\">https:\/\/quod.lib.umich.edu\/e\/eebogroup\/)<\/a><span class=\"rend-italic\">\u00a0; idem <em>Blasphemy in the Christian World, A History<\/em>, de David Nash, 2007, page 160 ; Idem, Elliott Visconsi, <em>Representations, <\/em>Volume 103, num\u00e9ro 1, \u00e9t\u00e9 2008, page 31.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">16. <a id=\"note16\" href=\"#anote16\">[\u2191]<\/a> Idem <a href=\"https:\/\/quod.lib.umich.edu\/e\/eebo2\/A64839.0001.001\/1:36.7?rgn=div2;view=fulltext\">compte-rendu<\/a> de Sir Peyton Ventris dans <em>English Reports<\/em>, volume 86, King&rsquo;s Bench 13, 1908 et sur le site <em>Early English Books<\/em> (<a href=\"https:\/\/quod.lib.umich.edu\/e\/eebogroup\/)\">https:\/\/quod.lib.umich.edu\/e\/eebogroup\/)<\/a><span class=\"rend-italic\">\u00a0; idem <em>Blasphemy in the Christian World, A History<\/em>, de David Nash, 2007, page 160 ; Idem, Elliott Visconsi, <em>Representations, <\/em>Volume 103, num\u00e9ro 1, \u00e9t\u00e9 2008, page 31.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">17. <a id=\"note17\" href=\"#anote17\">[\u2191]<\/a> Idem<span class=\"rend-italic\">\u00a0<em>Blasphemy in the Christian World, A History<\/em>, de David Nash, 2007, page 160.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">18. <a id=\"note18\" href=\"#anote18\">[\u2191]<\/a> Idem<span class=\"rend-italic\">\u00a0<em>Blasphemy in the Christian World, A History<\/em>, de David Nash, 2007, page 192.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">19. <a id=\"note19\" href=\"#anote19\">[\u2191]<\/a> The\u00a0Blasphemy Statute (1698) (9 &amp; 10 William III c.32) : voir dans <em>Blasphemy in the Christian World, A History<\/em>, David Nash, 2007, pages 60\u20131, 161, 162, 193, 194.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">20. <a id=\"note20\" href=\"#anote20\">[\u2191]<\/a> Idem <em>Blasphemy in Modern Britain: 1789 to the Present<\/em>, d<span class=\"addmd\">e David S. Nash, 1999, Chapter 1 ; <em>Blasphemy in the Christian World, A History<\/em>, David Nash, 2007, page 161.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">21. <a id=\"note21\" href=\"#anote21\">[\u2191]<\/a> <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rps.ac.uk\/search.php?action=print&amp;id=36756&amp;filename=charlesii_trans&amp;type=trans\">Act against Blasphemy 1661<\/a><\/em> dans <em class=\"italics\">The Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707<\/em>, K.M. Brown et al eds (St Andrews, 2007-2021) sur le site <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rps.ac.uk\/\">https:\/\/www.rps.ac.uk\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">22. <a id=\"note22\" href=\"#anote22\">[\u2191]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rps.ac.uk\/search.php?action=print&amp;id=54281&amp;filename=williamii_trans&amp;type=trans\"><em>Act against blasphemy 1695<\/em><\/a> dans <em class=\"italics\">The Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707<\/em>, K.M. Brown et al eds (St Andrews, 2007-2021) sur le site <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rps.ac.uk\/\">https:\/\/www.rps.ac.uk\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">23. <a id=\"note23\" href=\"#anote23\">[\u2191]<\/a> Voir l&rsquo;ouvrage <em>Negotiating the Sacred: Blasphemy and Sacrilege in a Multicultural Society<\/em>, de Elizabeth Burns Coleman et Kevin White, chapitre 3 <em>Are we capable of offending God? Taking blasphemy seriously<\/em>, d&rsquo;Helen Pringle, 2006 ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanism.scot\/what-we-do\/humanitie\/a-scottish-martyr\/\"><em>The Story Of Young Thomas Aikenhead<\/em><\/a>, de J. Gibson sur le site <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanism.scot\">https:\/\/www.humanism.scot<\/a>, mars 2016.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">24. <a id=\"note24\" href=\"#anote24\">[\u2191]<\/a> Idem J. Gibson sur le site <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanism.scot\">https:\/\/www.humanism.scot<\/a>, mars 2016.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">25. <a id=\"note25\" href=\"#anote25\">[\u2191]<\/a> Idem J. Gibson sur le site <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanism.scot\">https:\/\/www.humanism.scot<\/a>, mars 2016.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00adLe 11 mars 2021, le parlement \u00e9cossais a aboli le d\u00e9lit de blasph\u00e8me [1]. L&rsquo;Ecosse suit ainsi l&rsquo;Angleterre et le Pays de Galle qui ont d\u00e9p\u00e9nalis\u00e9 l&rsquo;infraction en 2008 [2]. A ce jour, l&rsquo;Irlande du&#8230;<\/p>\n<div class=\"more-link-wrapper\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/?p=6411\">Lire la suite<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Histoire du d\u00e9lit de blasph\u00e8me au Royaume Uni (I) : l&rsquo;int\u00e9gration dans la Common Law au 17\u00e8me si\u00e8cle<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,4,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6411","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualite","category-histoire","category-royaume-uni","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6411","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6411"}],"version-history":[{"count":113,"href":"http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6411\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6646,"href":"http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6411\/revisions\/6646"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6411"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6411"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6411"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}