{"id":1723,"date":"2016-02-28T13:24:26","date_gmt":"2016-02-28T12:24:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/?p=1723"},"modified":"2016-11-03T19:53:07","modified_gmt":"2016-11-03T18:53:07","slug":"les-gens-de-justice-americains-iii-les-procureurs-federaux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/?p=1723","title":{"rendered":"Les gens de justice am\u00e9ricains III : les procureurs f\u00e9d\u00e9raux"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Les United States Attorneys<\/b><\/em> ou federal<\/b> prosecutors<\/b><\/em> (procureurs f\u00e9d\u00e9raux) sont les \u00abavocats\u00bb du gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral. Ils repr\u00e9sentent le gouvernement des Etats-Unis devant les tribunaux f\u00e9d\u00e9raux de districts (United States District Courts<\/em>) ainsi que les Cours d’Appel f\u00e9d\u00e9rales. Leur fonction a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e par le Judicial Act of 1789 <\/em>[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"procureur_federal\"<\/a>
Procureur f\u00e9d\u00e9ral au premier plan dans le film \u00ab\u00a0How Criminal Trials Move – Part 1<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb produit par le Federal Judicial Center, 1991, Youtube<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ils sont au total 93 r\u00e9partis dans l’ensemble des Etats-Unis, Porto Rico, les \u00eeles Vierges, Guam et les \u00eeles Mariannes du Nord. Il y a un procureur par district, \u00e0 l’exception du dictrict de Guam et celui des \u00eeles Mariannes du Nord qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 regroup\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Les procureurs f\u00e9d\u00e9raux sont nomm\u00e9s pour quatre ann\u00e9es renouvelables par le Pr\u00e9sident des Etats-Unis avec l’avis et l’accord du S\u00e9nat. A l’expiration des quatre ans, ils demeurent en poste jusqu’\u00e0 la nomination d’un successeur. Ils peuvent \u00eatre r\u00e9voqu\u00e9s par le Pr\u00e9sident des Etats-Unis [2]<\/a>. Ils sont supervis\u00e9s depuis 1870 par le procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des Etats-Unis (United States Attorney General <\/em>ou A.G.)<\/em>, qui est \u00e0 la t\u00eate du d\u00e9partement de la justice am\u00e9ricain [3]<\/a>. Depuis 1986, le procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des Etats-Unis a le pouvoir de nommer \u00e0 titre provisoire un procureur f\u00e9d\u00e9ral en cas de vacance de poste.<\/p>\n

Les procureurs f\u00e9d\u00e9raux sont responsables de l’application de la loi f\u00e9d\u00e9rale au sein de leur district. Ils engagent les poursuites p\u00e9nales au nom du gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral. Ils assurent sur le plan civil la d\u00e9fense de l\u2019Etat am\u00e9ricain lorsqu’il est partie \u00e0 la proc\u00e9dure et le recouvrement des dettes non recouvr\u00e9es par l’administration f\u00e9d\u00e9rale [4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"us_attorney_manual\"<\/a>
United States Attorneys’ Manual<\/em>, \u00e9dition 1997<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ils sont assist\u00e9s dans leurs fonctions par des procureurs adjoints (assistant U.S. attorneys<\/strong> <\/em>ou AUSAs<\/em>). Egalement fonctionnaires du d\u00e9partement de la justice (United States Department of Justice<\/span><\/i> ou DOJ), ceux-ci sont recrut\u00e9s officiellement par le procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des Etats-Unis (attorney general<\/em>) mais en pratique, c’est le procureur f\u00e9d\u00e9ral du district qui les s\u00e9lectionne. Pour postuler, ils doivent avoir plusieurs ann\u00e9es d’exp\u00e9rience professionnelle dans le domaine juridique et avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 inscrits au barreau d\u2019un Etat.<\/p>\n

Le d\u00e9partement de la justice a r\u00e9dig\u00e9 un manuel \u00e0 l’intention des procureurs f\u00e9d\u00e9raux (United States Attorneys’ Manual<\/em>). Ce guide pratique, remis \u00e0 jours tous les ans, rappelle les directives g\u00e9n\u00e9rales et les diff\u00e9rentes r\u00e8gles de proc\u00e9dures applicables [5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Le bureau d’un procureur f\u00e9d\u00e9ral (United States Attorney\u2019s Office <\/em>ou USAO) comprend en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral un d\u00e9partement p\u00e9nal, un d\u00e9partement civil, un d\u00e9partement en charge de la confiscation des biens (asset forfeiture<\/em>) et un d\u00e9partement en charge des appels. Les procureurs f\u00e9d\u00e9raux travaillent en collaboration avec les enqu\u00eateurs des diff\u00e9rentes agences f\u00e9d\u00e9rales (federal agencies<\/em>) comme le bureau d’enqu\u00eates f\u00e9d\u00e9ral (Federal Bureau of Investigation<\/em> ou FBI), l‘Agence f\u00e9d\u00e9rale de contr\u00f4le des stup\u00e9fiants<\/span> (Drug Enforcement Administration<\/em> ou DEA), le bureau de l’Alcool, du Tabac, des Armes \u00e0 feu et des Explosifs (Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives<\/span> <\/em>ou ATF), ainsi qu’avec les Marshals f\u00e9d\u00e9raux des \u00c9tats-Unis (U.S. Marshals<\/em>), etc.<\/p>\n

\u00e0 suivre…<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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1. [\u2191]<\/a> The Judiciary Act, September 24, 1789 1 Stat. 73 : An Act to Establish the Judicial Courts of the United States<\/a>, <\/em>section 35 : And there shall be appointed in each district a meet person learned in the law to act as attorney for the United States in such district, who shall be sworn or affirmed to the faithful execution of his office, whose duty it shall be to prosecute in such district all delinquents for crimes and offences, cognizable under the authority of the United States, and all civil actions in which the United States shall be concerned, except before the supreme court in the district in which that court shall be holden<\/em>.<\/p>\n

2. [\u2191]<\/a> Titre 28, \u00a7 541 du Code of Laws of the United States<\/a> :<\/p>\n

(a) <\/span>The President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, a United States attorney for each judicial district<\/em>.<\/div>\n
(b) <\/span>Each United States attorney shall be appointed for a term of four years. On the expiration of his term, a United States attorney shall continue to perform the duties of his office until his successor is appointed and qualifies<\/em>.<\/div>\n
(c) <\/span>Each United States attorney is subject to removal by the President<\/em>.<\/div>\n

3. [\u2191]<\/a> Le United States Attorney General est parfois traduit en fran\u00e7ais par ministre de la justice ou secr\u00e9taire d’Etat \u00e0 la justice.<\/p>\n

4. [\u2191]<\/a> Title 28, Section 547 of the United States Code<\/a> : Except as otherwise provided by law, each United States attorney, within his district, shall\u2014<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

(1) <\/span>prosecute for all offenses against the United States;<\/em><\/div>\n
(2) <\/span>prosecute or defend, for the Government, all civil actions, suits or proceedings in which the United States is concerned;<\/em><\/div>\n
(3) <\/span>appear in behalf of the defendants in all civil actions, suits or proceedings pending in his district against collectors, or other officers of the revenue or customs for any act done by them or for the recovery of any money exacted by or paid to these officers, and by them paid into the Treasury;<\/em><\/div>\n
(4) <\/span>institute and prosecute proceedings for the collection of fines, penalties, and forfeitures incurred for violation of any revenue law, unless satisfied on investigation that justice does not require the proceedings; and<\/em><\/div>\n
(5) <\/span>make such reports as the Attorney General may direct.<\/em><\/div>\n

5. [\u2191]<\/a> Le manuel est en ligne sur internet sur le site du d\u00e9partement de la justice am\u00e9ricaine : .https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usam\/united-states-attorneys-manual<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les United States Attorneys ou federal prosecutors (procureurs f\u00e9d\u00e9raux) sont les \u00abavocats\u00bb du gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral. Ils repr\u00e9sentent le gouvernement des Etats-Unis devant les tribunaux f\u00e9d\u00e9raux de districts (United States District Courts) ainsi que les Cours…<\/p>\n

Lire la suiteLes gens de justice am\u00e9ricains III : les procureurs f\u00e9d\u00e9raux<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1723","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualite","category-etats-unis","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1723","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1723"}],"version-history":[{"count":47,"href":"http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1723\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3280,"href":"http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1723\/revisions\/3280"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1723"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1723"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/loiseaumoqueur.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1723"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}